01523nas a2200121   4500008004100000245010000041210006900141520107500210100002301285700001801308700002001326856005501346       2020                        eng d00aDoctor XAI: an ontology-based approach to black-box sequential data classification explanations0 aDoctor XAI an ontologybased approach to blackbox sequential data3 aSeveral recent advancements in Machine Learning involve black box models: algorithms that do not provide human-understandable explanations in support of their decisions. This limitation hampers the fairness, accountability and transparency of these models; the field of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) tries to solve this problem providing human-understandable explanations for black-box models. However, healthcare datasets (and the related learning tasks) often present peculiar features, such as sequential data, multi-label predictions, and links to structured background knowledge. In this paper, we introduce Doctor XAI, a model-agnostic explainability technique able to deal with multi-labeled, sequential, ontology-linked data. We focus on explaining Doctor AI, a multilabel classifier which takes as input the clinical history of a patient in order to predict the next visit. Furthermore, we show how exploiting the temporal dimension in the data and the domain knowledge encoded in the medical ontology improves the quality of the mined explanations.1 aPanigutti, Cecilia1 aPerotti, Alan1 aPedreschi, Dino  uhttps://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3351095.337285501736nas a2200169   4500008004100000245007300041210006900114260001300183520117100196653003301367653001501400100002301415700002301438700001901461700002001480856006601500       2019                        eng d00aExplaining multi-label black-box classifiers for health applications0 aExplaining multilabel blackbox classifiers for health applicatio  bSpringer3 aToday the state-of-the-art performance in classification is achieved by the so-called “black boxes”, i.e. decision-making systems whose internal logic is obscure. Such models could revolutionize the health-care system, however their deployment in real-world diagnosis decision support systems is subject to several risks and limitations due to the lack of transparency. The typical classification problem in health-care requires a multi-label approach since the possible labels are not mutually exclusive, e.g. diagnoses. We propose MARLENA, a model-agnostic method which explains multi-label black box decisions. MARLENA explains an individual decision in three steps. First, it generates a synthetic neighborhood around the instance to be explained using a strategy suitable for multi-label decisions. It then learns a decision tree on such neighborhood and finally derives from it a decision rule that explains the black box decision. Our experiments show that MARLENA performs well in terms of mimicking the black box behavior while gaining at the same time a notable amount of interpretability through compact decision rules, i.e. rules with limited length.10aExplainable Machine Learning10aHealthcare1 aPanigutti, Cecilia1 aGuidotti, Riccardo1 aMonreale, Anna1 aPedreschi, Dino  uhttps://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-24409-5_901977nas a2200169   4500008004100000245011000041210006900151300001100220490000600231520139500237100002301632700002101655700001901676700002201695700002201717856006801739       2017                        eng d00aAssessing the use of mobile phone data to describe recurrent mobility patterns in spatial epidemic models0 aAssessing the use of mobile phone data to describe recurrent mob  a1609500 v43 aThe recent availability of large-scale call detail record data has substantially improved our ability of quantifying human travel patterns with broad applications in epidemiology. Notwithstanding a number of successful case studies, previous works have shown that using different mobility data sources, such as mobile phone data or census surveys, to parametrize infectious disease models can generate divergent outcomes. Thus, it remains unclear to what extent epidemic modelling results may vary when using different proxies for human movements. Here, we systematically compare 658 000 simulated outbreaks generated with a spatially structured epidemic model based on two different human mobility networks: a commuting network of France extracted from mobile phone data and another extracted from a census survey. We compare epidemic patterns originating from all the 329 possible outbreak seed locations and identify the structural network properties of the seeding nodes that best predict spatial and temporal epidemic patterns to be alike. We find that similarity of simulated epidemics is significantly correlated to connectivity, traffic and population size of the seeding nodes, suggesting that the adequacy of mobile phone data for infectious disease models becomes higher when epidemics spread between highly connected and heavily populated locations, such as large urban areas.1 aPanigutti, Cecilia1 aTizzoni, Michele1 aBajardi, Paolo1 aSmoreda, Zbigniew1 aColizza, Vittoria  uhttps://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rsos.160950